All tests selected for the Osaka hard fork passed! As part of our verification process, the STEEL Team ran a subset of consensus tests from [ethereum/execution-specs](<https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs>) directly on Ethereum mainnet.

Below you can find details about which tests were executed and the corresponding transaction hashes. The corresponding semi-manual testing effort for Prague can be found [in this report](<https://notes.ethereum.org/@marioevz/pectra-mainnet-testing>).

![Lighthouse Fulu Ascii Art](<https://specs.ethereum.foundation/assets/images/blog/2025-11-27_osaka_mainnet_tests/lighthouse_fulu.png>)

## Summary

- Test transactions were sent to mainnet for each EIP using EELS's `execute` subcommands.
- All tests passed successfully with approximately \~0.0001 ETH gas used.
- The tests focused on ModExp changes, the transaction gas limit cap, CLZ opcode, and P256Verify.

## Schedule

- Fork Epoch: [411392](<https://beaconscan.com/epoch/411392>) (`Dec-03-2025 09:49:11 PM UTC`).
- Fork Expected Finalization Epoch: [411394](<https://beaconscan.com/epoch/411394>) (`Dec-03-2025 10:01:59 PM UTC`).
- Testing commenced at the fork finalization epoch after the chain finalized successfully.

## Test Specification

- Tests were run via `execute remote` from [ethereum/execution-specs@2b7dc12](<https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/commit/2b7dc12d89bc9daa45a0737ab36c14fe55eaad5b>).

### Included EIPs

- [EIP-7823: Set upper bounds for MODEXP](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7823>).
- [EIP-7825: Transaction Gas Limit Cap](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7825>).
- [EIP-7883: ModExp Gas Cost Increase](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7883>).
- [EIP-7910: eth\_config JSON-RPC Method](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7910>).
- [EIP-7939: Count leading zeros (CLZ) opcode](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7939>).
- [EIP-7951: Precompile for secp256r1 Curve Support](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7951>).

### Excluded EIPs

The following EIPs were not testable via EL transactions:

- [EIP-7594: PeerDAS](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7594>) (Networking related, not testable via EL transactions).
- [EIP-7642: eth/69](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7642>) (Networking related, not testable via EL transactions).
- [EIP-7892: Blob Parameter Only ('BPO') Hardforks](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7892>) (Requires many blob transactions included in the same block, not easily achievable via `execute` command).
- [EIP-7917: Deterministic proposer lookahead](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7917>) (CL only change).
- [EIP-7918: Blob base fee bounded by execution cost](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7918>) (Environment dependent, not testable via `execute` command).
- [EIP-7934: RLP Execution Block Size Limit](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7934>) (Environment dependent, not testable via `execute` command).
- [EIP-7935: Set default gas limit to 60M](<https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7935>) (Environment dependent, not testable via `execute` command).

## EIP-7823 (ModEXP Upper Bound)

### Description

- Executed the pre-compile at the exact boundary and above the boundary.

### Command

Tests: [test\_eip\_mainnet.py@2b7dc12](<https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/blob/2b7dc12d89bc9daa45a0737ab36c14fe55eaad5b/tests/osaka/eip7823_modexp_upper_bounds/test_eip_mainnet.py>)

```bash
uv run execute remote --fork=Osaka -m mainnet \
tests/osaka/eip7823_modexp_upper_bounds/test_eip_mainnet.py \
--rpc-seed-key $MAINNET_RPC_SEED_KEY \
--rpc-endpoint $MAINNET_RPC_ENDPOINT \
--chain-id $MAINNET_CHAIN_ID
```

### Transaction Hashes

| Test ID | Transaction Hash |
| --- | --- |
| `test_modexp_boundary[fork_Osaka-state_test-base-boundary-1024-bytes]` | [0x5be8356a...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x5be8356abea4466ad03a1821d34b437b0b45e1b38c03b09cc545ddb36a0548b1>) |
| `test_modexp_over_boundary[fork_Osaka-state_test-base-over-boundary-1025-bytes]` | [0x1eaf26a2...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x1eaf26a250f50411888a11d227dbdfeecb51a273613cac9a9fa097b64b102b0f>) |

### Outcome

✅ **PASS** - 2/2 tests passed.

## EIP-7825 (Transaction Gas Limit Cap)

### Description

- Sent a transaction with the gas limit cap and above.

### Command

Tests: [test\_eip\_mainnet.py@2b7dc12](<https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/blob/2b7dc12d89bc9daa45a0737ab36c14fe55eaad5b/tests/osaka/eip7825_transaction_gas_limit_cap/test_eip_mainnet.py>)

```bash
uv run execute remote --fork=Osaka -m mainnet \
tests/osaka/eip7825_transaction_gas_limit_cap/test_eip_mainnet.py \
--rpc-seed-key $MAINNET_RPC_SEED_KEY \
--rpc-endpoint $MAINNET_RPC_ENDPOINT \
--chain-id $MAINNET_CHAIN_ID
```

### Transaction Hashes

| Test ID | Transaction Hash |
| --- | --- |
| `test_tx_gas_limit_cap_at_maximum[fork_Osaka-state_test]` | [0x95275083...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x952750833f1dab54ea088dc936f37c6064c0fb3678985d4351f17cca9b0c5ece>) |
| `test_tx_gas_limit_cap_exceeded[fork_Osaka-state_test]` (funding) | [0xc5ac1131...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc5ac11315053776ac903235ef71f97deabe4ae9d5a4bd18b645e97699ecec2f6>) |
| `test_tx_gas_limit_cap_exceeded[fork_Osaka-state_test]` (refund) | [0x46d32a99...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x46d32a995a7934d268bc264c7a6e1c15308a73a07cc7c12e50a9ed21a383941b>) |

Note: `test_tx_gas_limit_cap_exceeded` had no direct test transaction as expected (tx was rejected).

### Outcome

✅ **PASS** - 2/2 tests passed.

## EIP-7883 (ModEXP Gas Repricing)

### Description

- Triggered the gas cost changes in the ModExp precompile with five test cases.

### Command

Tests: [test\_eip\_mainnet.py@2b7dc12](<https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/blob/2b7dc12d89bc9daa45a0737ab36c14fe55eaad5b/tests/osaka/eip7883_modexp_gas_increase/test_eip_mainnet.py>)

```bash
uv run execute remote --fork=Osaka -m mainnet \
tests/osaka/eip7883_modexp_gas_increase/test_eip_mainnet.py \
--rpc-seed-key $MAINNET_RPC_SEED_KEY \
--rpc-endpoint $MAINNET_RPC_ENDPOINT \
--chain-id $MAINNET_CHAIN_ID
```

### Transaction Hashes

| Test ID | Transaction Hash |
| --- | --- |
| `test_modexp_different_base_lengths[fork_Osaka-state_test-32-bytes-long-base]` | [0x26d0f8b5...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x26d0f8b580d735ac74755030f8e4a52ed02814888887e64097c81c7d0f6dd2e0>) |
| `test_modexp_different_base_lengths[fork_Osaka-state_test-33-bytes-long-base]` | [0x71470510...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x71470510279c1006e84fc65c3977983ecdf9658a3aaca0f0e98b90914333e4e7>) |
| `test_modexp_different_base_lengths[fork_Osaka-state_test-1024-bytes-long-exp]` | [0xca67e591...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0xca67e591a6f4d4f995ede0927c13e3713d9393660ff9b710fec548bbe6863a51>) |
| `test_modexp_different_base_lengths[fork_Osaka-state_test-nagydani-1-pow0x10001]` | [0x10d904c6...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x10d904c6c5d7f3e1f1f527b8871176faac26f4ebc92bdf4a767799fa0e446083>) |
| `test_modexp_different_base_lengths[fork_Osaka-state_test-zero-exponent-64bytes]` | [0xf2ae6f73...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0xf2ae6f732cea8ff243d394790c68150118de7a13edcb3c839a848d1043e63189>) |

### Outcome

✅ **PASS** - 5/5 tests passed.

## EIP-7910 (eth\_config JSON-RPC Method)

### Description

- Ran `execute eth-config` after the fork to validate remaining BPO forks.

### Command

```bash
uv run execute eth-config --network Mainnet \
--rpc-endpoint $MAINNET_RPC_ENDPOINT \
--chain-id=1
```

### Transaction Hashes

This was a regular call to a node's JSON RPC to request information; it did not require sending a transaction.

### Outcome

✅ **PASS** - 6/6 tests passed against 5 mainnet RPC endpoints (Geth, Reth, Nethermind, Erigon, and Besu). All returned consistent results confirming correct `eth_config` implementation.

## EIP-7939 (CLZ)

### Description

- Executed the CLZ opcode with different inputs.

### Command

Tests: [test\_eip\_mainnet.py@2b7dc12](<https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/blob/2b7dc12d89bc9daa45a0737ab36c14fe55eaad5b/tests/osaka/eip7939_count_leading_zeros/test_eip_mainnet.py>)

```bash
uv run execute remote --fork=Osaka -m mainnet \
tests/osaka/eip7939_count_leading_zeros/test_eip_mainnet.py \
--rpc-seed-key $MAINNET_RPC_SEED_KEY \
--rpc-endpoint $MAINNET_RPC_ENDPOINT \
--chain-id $MAINNET_CHAIN_ID
```

### Transaction Hashes

| Test ID | Transaction Hash |
| --- | --- |
| `test_clz_mainnet[fork_Osaka-state_test-clz-8-leading-zeros]` | [0x9ec7c2d9...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x9ec7c2d94378ce3eaa9c794ce70d2f6f0288918d008bc8de79f167a008cb6437>) |
| `test_clz_mainnet[fork_Osaka-state_test-clz-all-zeros]` | [0x7f9ea62c...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x7f9ea62cf3490a0080523c056fb0327ee3de2d9a854e297b8fe86442d5126bb0>) |

### Outcome

✅ **PASS** - 2/2 tests passed.

## EIP-7951 (P256Verify)

### Description

- Executed the precompile with different inputs, including a negative test that used a signature valid only on secp256k1.

### Command

Tests: [test\_eip\_mainnet.py@2b7dc12](<https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/blob/2b7dc12d89bc9daa45a0737ab36c14fe55eaad5b/tests/osaka/eip7951_p256verify_precompiles/test_eip_mainnet.py>)

```bash
uv run execute remote --fork=Osaka -m mainnet \
tests/osaka/eip7951_p256verify_precompiles/test_eip_mainnet.py \
--rpc-seed-key $MAINNET_RPC_SEED_KEY \
--rpc-endpoint $MAINNET_RPC_ENDPOINT \
--chain-id $MAINNET_CHAIN_ID
```

### Transaction Hashes

| Test ID | Transaction Hash |
| --- | --- |
| `test_valid[fork_Osaka-state_test--valid_r1_sig-]` | [0x6911ce58...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x6911ce5860e375b70c35a5b7d4860a85481e2c4e3db057196cd8089dc7434b92>) |
| `test_invalid[fork_Osaka-state_test--invalid_r1_sig_but_valid_k1_sig-]` | [0x63e3c33f...](<https://etherscan.io/tx/0x63e3c33f556f13df928c994cbe97e0cb7f5994912fc1c355d128027461d005de>) |

### Outcome

✅ **PASS** - 2/2 tests passed.